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The Government of India is proposing the setting up of several new smart cities in the sub-continent. Being an over-populated country, space is at a premium. In congested areas high-rise buildings afford a solution. The purpose of this paper is to present new research involving architecture and computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) must be done at the screening stage of design plans before new cities are laid out. This is achieved in the present study involving a university residential campus with a population of 29,000 comprising of an assortment of high-rise buildings in complex terrain.

This paper uses a combination of instrument-fitted drone measurements – (equipped with a barometer, and sensors for obtaining temperature, relative humidity and altitude) along with a computational fluid dynamical analysis to yield deep insights into the ventilation patterns around an assortment of building forms.

This study was conducted in a residential complex in the campus of the Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) India. Based on the deciphered wind velocity pattern, a human thermal comfort study was also conducted. It was concluded that the orientation of the buildings play a pivotal role in enhancing the ventilation rates inside a building. It was observed that a dominant eddy spanning a radius of approximate 34 meters was responsible for much of the air changes within the rooms – the smaller eddies had an insignificant role. This method of ascertaining eddy structures within a study area comprising of an assortment of buildings is essential for accurate prescriptions of glazing ratios on building facades.

The main research implications pertain to the use of smart ventilation methods in built up environments. The study shows how large eddies drive the momentum transfer and the air changes per hour with rooms in high-rise buildings in complex terrain. In monsoon-driven flows, there are well set preferred directions of wind flow and this enables the characterization of the fully eddy structure in the vicinity of tall buildings. Another research implication would be the development of new turbulence closure models for eddy structure resolution for flow around complex building forms.

This study introduces a novel protocol at the planning stage of the upcoming residential complexes in proposed smart cities in the sub-continent. The results may well inform architects and structural engineers and help position and orient buildings in confined spaces and also ascertain the optimal glazing ratio, which affects the ventilation pattern.

The results from this study can be used by town planners and architects in urban conurbations in the developing world. The results may well help lower heating ventilation and airconditioning loads. Energy-efficient buildings in developing countries are necessary because most of these have rapidly growing GDPs with a concomitant increase in energy consumption.

This novel study combining instrument mounted drone and CFDs shows for the first time how architects and town planners with a limited budget position and orient a group of buildings in a complex terrain.

This study aims at identifying factors that influence Generation Y to choose Airbnb. The topic of this study is of great importance to understand the new trend of accommodation that is currently taking place in the hospitality industry worldwide known as Airbnb, its main target market is Generation Y. The popularity of Airbnb is on the rise and it has become the main competitor to the traditional hotel industry. This research has identified four factors – socio-economic, environmental, technological and media – that largely influence Generation Y while choosing Airbnb as their preferred accommodation. The research represents a framework to test the relationship between these factors and Generation Y decision to choose Airbnb. The data were collected in Malaysia, which is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Southeast Asia, from 200 respondents of different nationalities who intend to or have experienced staying with Airbnb. The data were collected through physical distribution of the questionnaire as well as through an online survey. SPSS version 21 was used to analyse the data. The findings suggest that the various factors identified have a significant influence on Generation Y decision while choosing Airbnb as their accommodation. This finding helps Airbnb maintain its target market by determining the key factors that influence Generation Y. The study also identifies technological and environmental factors that play an important role in the Generation Y decision to choose Airbnb.

The Covid-19 pandemic has thwarted global mobility over an unimaginable scale, forcing the competitive market processes of the tourism sector to be seriously disrupted. The ongoing pandemic has closed borders, suspended flights, quarantined more than half of the world population, induced mass fear and shook globalisation. The phenomenon of overtourism is related to the high number of tourists, the nature and time span of their visits and the carrying capability of the destination. To understand the nature of overtourism and the implications, it is essential to recognise why people of particular cities have begun to see tourism as a factor that has an adverse impact on their quality of life. This chapter aims to provide a link between Covid-19 and overtourism and also to examine whether both of these can offer opportunities or challenges to tourist destinations in the future. Based on the analysis of numerous existing crisis recovery mechanisms, the tourism industry is expected to rebound from this abrupt market shock, mostly due to various forms of government interventions. The present startling moment of the Covid-19 pandemic provides an opportunity to find hope in the ruins through the deconstruction of framings of crisis as ‘error’ and through reflecting on the present and future role of tourism in contributing to a more socially and environmentally sustainable community.

Rural Marketing, Sales and Distribution Management, Salesperson Motivation, Channel Management.

The case can be used in sales management, channel management and rural marketing courses offered to graduate students of MBA degrees. In the sales management courses, the emphasis is on understanding the typical tasks that the rural salesperson is required to conduct. The case can be used to design a suitable motivation-mix for a rural salesperson after analysing their approach towards work. In a rural marketing course, the case can be used to understand the sales and distribution management of fast-moving consumer good products in rural India. The case can be used in channel management courses to design an appropriate channel structure in the rural market in India and utilized for managing the distributors’ salesforce for effective and improved market coverage in rural areas.

Candy Confectioneries Private Limited started its operations in 1995, and was one of the largest confectionery players in India with a market share of 20 per cent. The company had achieved sales of Rs 20bn in 2014 and had 15 confectionery brands in the market. The company was also trying hard to establish itself in the snacks category. The company had nationwide operations, and it was important for the company to expand into the rural market. It served its markets through a comprehensive urban and rural distribution setup. In the rural distribution network, the rural sales representatives (RSRs) played a key role and perhaps were one of the most critical factors in covering the rural market. The RSR system was typical to suit the requirement of product-market coverage with its limitations. The case broadly profiles eight RSRs who were engaged to cover a specific territory in the State of Bihar in India. It also describes their approaches to work and complexities emerging thereof in achieving the best results for the organization.

The case has the following learning objectives: Understanding the design of sales and distribution channel structure followed for distribution and selling of confectionery products in rural India. Examining whether the existing system is adequate to achieve the goals of the firm. Evaluating the performance of each salesperson and identifying common factors to formulate the salesforce policies. Arriving at a suitable motivation-mix for the rural salesperson.

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CSS 8: Marketing.